Генератор напряжения импульса молнии — это основное оборудование высоковольтных лабораторий, предназначенное для моделирования перенапряжений, вызванных молнией, и проверки изоляционных характеристик электрического оборудования (например, трансформаторов, ограничителей перенапряжения, кабелей и т. д.).
В его состав входят следующие основные компоненты:
2. Система зарядки
DC High-Voltage Power Supply: Typically a combination of a high-voltage rectifier stack and a transformer (voltage multiplier circuits are also common), used to provide stable DC high voltage to the main capacitors at each stage.3. Система срабатывания
Triggering Device: This is the «ignition switch» of the generator. It produces a very high-amplitude, fast-rising pulse voltage to precisely break down the first-stage spark gap, thereby initiating the series discharge of the entire generator. It usually consists of a small impulse generator and a three-electrode spark gap.4. Система измерений
Voltage Divider: Due to the extremely high voltages generated (up to several million volts), they cannot be measured directly with ordinary instruments. A voltage divider (usually a resistive-capacitive type) reduces the high voltage to a measurable low level proportionally.Measuring Instruments: Primarily high-voltage pulse oscilloscopes or digital recorders, used to capture, display, and record the low-voltage pulse waveform from the divider, and analyze key parameters such as the peak value, wavefront time, and wavetail time of the impulse voltage.5. Вспомогательные компоненты
Sphere Gaps: In addition to the triggered spark gaps, there is often a large output sphere gap at the end of the generator, sometimes used to protect the test object (from overvoltage) or to adjust the waveform.Main Structure: Includes insulating columns (usually made of epoxy resin or ceramic) that support the entire structure and grading rings, used to prevent corona discharge and optimize electric field distribution, ensuring stable operation of the generator.