By hvhipot 
The Impulse Voltage Test System under HV Hipot Electric Co., Ltd. can help many power workers conduct various power tests more conveniently.
1. Electrical Equipment and Insulation Materials (High-Voltage Engineering)
Core Standards:
IEC 60060-1: *High-voltage test techniques �C Part 1: General definitions and test requirements* �C The foundational standard defining parameters for high-voltage test waveforms (including lightning/ switching impulses), tolerances, test procedures, and measurement system requirements.
IEC 60255-27: Measuring relays and protection equipment �C Part 27: Product safety requirements �C Includes insulation tests (e.g., impulse voltage tests) for protective relays.
IEC 62271-1: *High-voltage switchgear and controlgear �C Part 1: Common specifications* �C Specifies insulation tests (lightning/switching impulse) for switchgear, circuit breakers, etc.
IEEE Std 4: IEEE Standard for High-Voltage Testing Techniques �C Widely used in North America, analogous to IEC 60060-1.
Key Pulse Waveforms:
Standard Lightning Impulse (LI): 1.2/50 μs (wavefront time ~1.2 μs, time-to-half-value ~50 μs). Simulates lightning overvoltage.
Standard Switching Impulse (SI): 250/2500 μs or wavefront ≥100 μs / time-to-half-value ≥1000 μs. Simulates switching overvoltage.
Chopped Lightning Impulse: LI truncated at 2�C5 μs to simulate insulation flashover/arrester operation.
Test Requirements:
Withstand Test: Equipment withstands specified impulses without destructive discharge.
Disruptive Discharge Test: Determines breakdown voltage (e.g., 50% disruptive discharge voltage, U₅₀).
Measurement System: Must comply with IEC 60060-2/IEEE Std 4.
Environment: Tests performed under standard atmospheric conditions (with corrections for temperature/humidity).
2. Electronic Equipment and Components (Electromagnetic Compatibility – EMC)
Core Standards:
IEC/EN 61000-4-4: *Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) �C Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques �C Electrical fast transient (EFT)/burst immunity test* �C Evaluates immunity to fast transients (e.g., from relays/switches). Waveform: 5/50 ns bursts.
IEC/EN 61000-4-5: *EMC �C Part 4-5: Testing techniques �C Surge immunity test* �C Tests immunity to surges (lightning/switching transients). Key waveforms:
Combination Wave: 1.2/50 μs (open-circuit voltage) & 8/20 μs (short-circuit current).
Communication Line Surge: 10/700 μs for long-distance lines.
ISO 7637-2: Road vehicles �C Electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling �C Part 2: Electrical transient conduction along supply lines �C Defines automotive transient pulses (e.g., Pulse 1, 2a, 3a/b) for immunity testing.
Test Requirements:
Immunity Test: Performance must remain within manufacturer-defined criteria (Criteria A/B/C) during/after pulse application.
Application: Pulses applied to power/signal lines via coupling networks.
Severity Levels: Voltage/current amplitudes selected based on operational environment.
3. Communication and Signal Systems
Standards may reference IEC 61000-4-5 or define specific cable tests (e.g., telecom lines, coaxial cables) for induced surges. Telecommunication standards (e.g., ITU-T K-series) include surge protection requirements.
4. Specific Components
Semiconductors (TVS diodes, varistors): IEC 61643-311 defines pulse withstand tests (8/20 μs current, 1.2/50 μs voltage).
Capacitors/Transformers: Product-specific standards (e.g., IEC) include impulse tests for insulation/self-healing verification.