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La detección de descargas parciales (DP) es una tecnología clave para supervisar el estado del aislamiento y prevenir fallos en los equipos eléctricos.A continuación se presentan varios métodos principales de identificación:
1.»Hear» Electrical Signals (Most Common):Measure Current Pulses: Use sensors on equipment ground wires or capacitors to detect high-frequency current pulses from PD (Standard method, accurate but often requires power-off).Measure Electromagnetic Waves: Use antennas (UHF sensors) to capture ultra-high-frequency radio waves emitted by PD (Ideal for online monitoring of metal-enclosed equipment like GIS/transformers, good noise immunity).Measure Surface Voltage: Scan equipment metal surfaces with a probe to detect transient earth voltages (TEV) induced by PD (Simple for live inspections, but prone to interference).
<span></span><br><strong><span style=»white-space-collapse: preserve; font-size: 20px;»>3. Cambios químicos «olfativos» (óptimo para equipos con aceite):</span></strong>
Analice los gases disueltos en el aceite del transformador. La descarga parcial produce gases característicos. Determine la presencia y el tipo de descarga mediante análisis cromatográfico.
4.»See» Light (Limited Use):Use UV cameras to detect ultraviolet light from external corona discharge (e.g., on insulators) during live inspections.Internal PD is usually invisible.
Key Points:Professional instruments are essential: Senses alone cannot reliably identify or assess PD.Choose method based on scenario: Consider equipment type (transformer, switchgear, cable), power-on/off needs, and whether qualitative or quantitative data is required.Combine methods for reliability: Often use electrical + ultrasonic or other combinations to confirm findings.Safety first: Live detection MUST be done by trained professionals following safety protocols.Trends matter: Regular checks or online monitoring to track signal changes over time is more valuable than a single test.
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